⑴ 求:意大利歌剧的发展史!!英文的
Italian opera is both the art of opera in Italy and opera in the Italian language. Opera was born in Italy around the year 1600 and Italian opera has continued to play a dominant role in the history of the form until the present day. Many famous operas in Italian were written by foreign composers, including Handel, Gluck and Mozart. Works by native Italian composers of the 19th and early 20th centuries, such as Rossini, Bellini, Donizetti, Verdi and Puccini, are amongst the most famous operas ever written and today are performed in opera houses across the world.
The 17th century:
Opera in Rome
Within a few decades opera had spread throughout Italy. In Rome, it found an advocate in the prelate and librettist Giulio Rospigliosi (later Pope Clement IX). Rospigliosi's patrons were the Barberini.
Among the composers who worked in this period one may mention: Luigi Rossi, Michelangelo Rossi, Marco Marazzoli, Virgilio Mazzocchi.
Since the 1730s, the subject of the works changed greatly: those of the pastoral tradition and Arcadia, it is preferable that the poems of chivalry, usually Ludovico Ariosto and Torquato Tasso, or those taken from hagiography and Christian commedia dell'arte.
With the increased number of characters, the Roman operas became very dramatic, and has several twists. Also developed a new method of tuning the lines of the recitative, better suited to the various situations that arose from the rich storyline and that was closer to speech, full of parenthetical at the expense of the paratactic style that had so characterized the first Florentine works.
The 18th century:
Opera seria
By the end of the 17th century some critics believed that a new, more elevated form of opera was necessary. Their ideas would give birth to a genre, opera seria (literally "serious opera"), which would become dominant in Italy and much of the rest of Europe until the late 1700s. The influence of this new attitude can be seen in the works of the composers Carlo Francesco Pollarolo and the enormously prolific Alessandro Scarlatti.
During the eighteenth century artistic and cultural life in Italy was heavily influenced by the aesthetic and poetic ideals of the members of the Accademia dell'Arcadia. The Arcadian poets introced many changes to serious music drama in Italian, including:
* the simplification of the plot
* the removal of comic elements
* the rection of the number of arias
* a predilection for plots drawn from ancient Classical or modern French tragedy, in which the values of loyalty, friendship and virtue were extolled and the absolute power of the sovereign was celebrated
Comic opera
In the 1600s comic operas were proced only occasionally and no stable tradition was established. Only in the early years of the 18th century was the comic genre of opera buffa born in Naples and it began to spread throughout Italy after 1730.
Opera buffa was distinguished from opera seria by numerous characteristics:
* the importance given to stage action and the consequent need for the music to follow the changes of the drama, emphasising the expressiveness of the words
* the choice of singers who were also excellent actors able to perform the drama convincingly
* a rection in the use of scenery and stage machinery and in the number of orchestral players
* the use of a small cast of characters (at least in the short form of comic opera known as the intermezzo) and simple plots, a good example being Pergolesi's La serva padrona
* libretti inspired by commedia dell'arte, with realistic subjects, colloquial language and slang expressions
* as far as singing was concerned: the complete rejection of vocal virtuosity; a tendency to an incorrect pronunciation of the words; the frequent presence of rhythmic and melodic tics; the use of onomatopoiea and interjections.
Romantic period:
Romantic opera, which placed emphasis on the imagination and the emotions began to appear in the early 19th century, and because of its arias and music, gave more dimension to the extreme emotions which typified the theater of that era. In addition, it is said that fine music often excused glaring faults in character drawing and plot lines. Gioacchino Rossini (1792-1868) initiated the Romantic period. His first success was an "opera buffa" (comic opera), La Cambiale di Matrimonio (1810). His reputation still survives today through his Barber of Seville, and La Cenerentola. But he also wrote serious opera, Otello (1816) and Guilliame Tell (1829).
Contemporary period:
Some of the greatest Italian operas of the twentieth century were written by Giacomo Puccini (1858 – 1924). These include Manon Lescaut, La bohème, Tosca, and Madama Butterfly, Turandot and La rondine, the last two being left unfinished. In 2002 Luciano Berio attempted a completion of Turandot, and in 1994 Lorenzo Ferrero completed the orchestration of the third version of La rondine.
⑵ 急急急,要一个中性的英文名字
wu yingzhuo拼音读音(武、舞、吴)随机直译为英文:
martial
brainy
all
通过音译谐音变形结合英文命名通则最终确定:
Medellin Berio 麦德林 贝里奥
呵呵,随机直译的单个中文字,若是与你中文名原意差距较大,不要怪罪!
⑶ 跪求电影《无法触碰》开头和结尾的钢琴曲名字。
总共有三首,分别为:
1.Fly (ludovico einaudi)
《Fly》是Avril Lavigne为2015世界夏季特殊奥林匹克运动会(2015 Special Olympics World Summer Games) 推出歌曲,歌曲由Avril Lavigne 、Chad Kroeger、David Hodges共同创作于于2013年。
该单曲将作为2015年7月份举行的特殊奥运会的慈善宣传曲,单曲的所有收益将捐给特奥会,同时也将促进艾薇儿慈善基金会的工作,帮助儿童、残障青年、患有严重疾病的人士。《Fly》单曲已于当地时间4月16日发行。
2.September (earth, wind & fire)
《september》是St. Lucia演唱的歌曲,是一首英文歌。
3.Una mattina (ludovico einaudi)
《Una Mattina》是意大利钢琴家Ludovico Einaudi的一张音乐专辑,也是一首同名钢琴曲。
它包含了钢琴加小提琴,无与伦比的美妙,低音伴奏加上右手流畅的旋律,是享受,是感动。 一种安静的纯朴的,由心灵共振带来的,在这个日益浮躁快速的社会里,久违的振颤。流动着的婉转的生命旋律能让人在喧闹的世界里感受到生命的美好,会让人产生对生命的渴望。
(3)Berio英文名字扩展阅读:
《无法触碰》(Intouchables)是一部由奥利维·那卡什执导的法国电影,改编自一名法国富翁的自传《第二次呼吸》,由弗朗索瓦·克鲁塞、奥马·希、安乐妮、奥黛丽·弗洛特等主演。
影片改编自真实的故事。在一次跳伞运动事故后,菲利普,一位富有的贵族下肢瘫痪,只能坐在轮椅上,生活无法自理,因此他找了黑人青年德瑞斯来家里帮佣。
这是一位郊区的年轻人,刚从监狱出来。简单来说这是最不适合这份工作的人选。两个世界相互碰撞,融合,于是一段不可思议的、奇妙的友情诞生了 。